As an equine veterinarian in Stephenville, TX, we often get questions about respiratory diseases in horses, particularly Equine Rhinopneumonitis (Rhino) and Equine Influenza (Flu). These two illnesses share some similarities but also have key differences in how they’re transmitted, the symptoms they cause, and how to prevent and treat them. Understanding these differences is essential for keeping your horse healthy, especially in high-risk environments like barns, shows, or breeding farms.
What is Equine Rhinopneumonitis?
Equine Rhinopneumonitis, commonly known as “Rhino,” is caused by the equine herpesvirus (EHV) — primarily types EHV-1 and EHV-4. This virus is found worldwide and can lead to respiratory illness, abortion in pregnant mares, and even neurologic disease in some cases.
How Do Horses Get It?
EHV is highly contagious and spreads through direct horse-to-horse contact, shared equipment, or contaminated environments. Although some strains can survive in the soil for short periods, the most common mode of transmission is respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Horses that recover can also become latent carriers, reactivating and shedding the virus during stress.
How Does It Affect Horses?
The respiratory form of Rhino causes fever, nasal discharge, lethargy, decreased appetite, and swollen lymph nodes. In pregnant mares, it can result in abortion storms, while the neurologic form can cause hind limb weakness, incoordination, or even paralysis.
How Do You Cure It?
There is no cure for EHV, but supportive care from an equine veterinarian is crucial. This includes anti-inflammatory medications, hydration, and rest. Isolating infected horses and maintaining strict biosecurity are key in managing outbreaks.
What is Equine Influenza?
Equine Influenza, often called the horse flu, is caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV). It’s one of the most contagious respiratory diseases in horses, and outbreaks can quickly spread through barns and competition grounds.
How Do Horses Get It?
Horse flu is spread aerosolized through coughing and also by shared tack, water buckets, and handlers who come into contact with infected horses. The virus does not survive long in the environment, but its rapid transmission makes it a serious threat in places with frequent horse movement.
How Does It Affect Horses?
Flu symptoms include a high fever (up to 106°F), a harsh, dry cough, nasal discharge, and muscle soreness. Horses often appear tired and may refuse to eat or move much. While it’s rarely fatal, horse flu can take weeks for full recovery, especially in young or unvaccinated horses.
How Do You Cure It?
Like Rhino, there is no antiviral cure for equine influenza. Treatment involves rest, anti-inflammatories, and fluids, especially if secondary infections like pneumonia develop. Veterinary monitoring is essential to prevent complications and speed recovery.
How to Prevent Equine Rhinopneumonitis and Equine Influenza
The best protection against both Rhinovirus and equine flu is vaccination. At Signature Equine Hospital, we recommend a tailored vaccination schedule based on your horse’s age, travel frequency, and health status.
Additional prevention tips:
- Isolate new or sick horses for at least 2-3 weeks.
- Clean and disinfect equipment and stalls regularly.
- Avoid sharing water troughs, bridles, or grooming tools.
- Minimize stress with proper nutrition and management, as stress can trigger latent EHV.
- Schedule regular checkups with an equine veterinarian to stay on top of preventive care.
Both viruses thrive in places with high horse turnover, like shows or breeding farms. That’s why horse owners should work with equine vets who understand local conditions and your horses’ specific needs.
Protect Your Horse’s Health with Proactive Veterinary Care
Equine Rhinopneumonitis and Equine Influenza may seem similar at first glance, but they differ in how they spread, the symptoms they cause, and the risks they pose. Both can sideline your horse for weeks, or worse, if not caught and managed quickly.
Don’t wait for an outbreak to take action. The equine veterinarians at Signature Equine Hospital are here to help you build a prevention plan that protects your horse year-round. Whether you’re a competitive rider or a casual trail enthusiast, respiratory health matters.
Schedule a consultation with Signature Equine Hospital today and keep your horse breathing easily.